Corrosion behavior of T24, T92, VM12, and AISI 304 steels exposed to KCl–NaCl–K2SO4–Na2SO4 salt mixtures

The corrosion mechanisms of T24, T92, VM12, and AISI 304 steels are studied under the influence of NaCl–KCl, NaCl–Na₂SO₄, and KCl–K₂SO₄ salt mixtures in a dry air atmosphere at 650°C for 15 days. NaCl–KCl was the most aggressive deposit and AISI 304 stainless steel exhibited the highest corrosion resistance. There was no relation between the Cr content of the ferritic steels and their corrosion resistance in NaCl–KCl. In contrast, the resistance of high-Cr steels was better when exposed to NaCl–Na₂SO₄ and KCl–K₂SO₄. The high-Cr and the low-Cr steels were more susceptible to NaCl–Na₂SO₄ and to KCl–K₂SO₄, respectively.     

Characteristics of reaction and product microstructure during light calcination of magnesite in transport bed

A gas-heating laboratory transport bed was adopted to simulate the industrial transportbed reactor for flash calcination of magnesite, and a method based on TG analysis of a reacted sample was further developed to calculate the decomposition rate or conversion of its containing MgCO₃. The study investigated how the conversion and product reactivity as well as microstructure vary with reaction conditions including temperature, particle size and times of re-calcination for powder magnesite. Magnesite powder (<150 μm) calcination is a quick reaction that reaches 98% decomposition of its containing MgCO₃ in 1—2 s,corroborating the feasibility of magnesite flash-calcination in transport bed reactors. The coloration time given by the citric acid chromogenic method was 17—55 s and 294 s for the obtained products from transport and fixed beds, respectively. This proves the obviously higher activity and thus improved microstructure of the product from transport bed. During the calcination process, the MgO grain size of the product gradually increases, and the surface structure changes from loose and porous to dense and smooth. This structural change can be completed within a few seconds.     

Microstructural and electrical changes in Ca0.9R0.1CeNbMoO8 (R = Y,Sm, Nd,La) ceramics induced by rare-earth ion doping

Rare-earth ions doped Ca_0.9R_0.1CeNbMoO₈ (R = Y, Sm, Nd, La) ceramics have been successfully prepared by solid-state method, and their modifications to the microstructure and electrical properties are also investigated. The rare-earth ions doped ceramics exhibit the scheelite structure. With the increase in the radius of rare-earth ions, the lattice distortion and bond interaction will be enhanced, and the consistency of grain size will be reduced. The ceramics exhibit negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor characteristics in the temperature range of 473 K-1273 K, and the activation energy decreases with the increase of the radius of rare-earth ions. Rare-earth ions doping can increase the content of Ce³⁺ ions and promote the conductivity of ceramics. Except for Sm³⁺-doped ceramics, the high-temperature aging rate of other ceramics is less than 2%. The existence of some metastable Sm²⁺ ions in Sm³⁺-doped ceramics not only increases the activation energy, but also reduces the high-temperature stability of the ceramics.     

Fe-Si-B非晶带材高温氧化行为及回收工艺

??In order to reduce the oxidative burning loss of Fe78Si9B13 amorphous ribbon in the recovery process?? the oxidation behavior of Fe78Si9B13 amorphous ribbon was studied. The results show that the oxidation of Fe78Si9B13 amorphous ribbon at high temperature is related to the heating rate. The oxidation weight gain of Fe78Si9B13 amorphous ribbon at 5 and 10K/min from room temperature to 1223K are 44% and 31% respectively. There is an oxide layer with loose texture and a small amount of microcrack at the interface between the sample and atmosphere by SEM. The oxide layer contains a large amount of Fe2O3 and a little SiO2 by XRD. Oxidation kinetics curve shows that the oxidation weight gain of the samples follows a linear rule within 5hours at 1073 and 1173K?? then a parabolic rule. At 1273K?? however?? it only follows a linear rule?? meanwhile the oxidation speed is very fast?? with the oxidation weight gain reaches 40% in 12min. The oxidation weight gain in the amorphous ribbon recycling process can be reduced through cutting down the furnace gas temperature?? compressing the waste ribbon and unqualified products in the packaging process and blowing argon to reduce the partial pressure of oxygen in the furnace. Thus the slag decreases to 9-10g when 1kg waste ribbon is recovered?? and the Si content of liquid alloy increases to 8. 9%.     

Effect of Mo on corrosion behavior of Ni20Cr–xMo alloys in air with NaCl–KCl–CaCl2 vapor at 570°C

The effect of Mo on the corrosion behavior of Ni20Cr–xMo alloys in an oxidizing chlorine-containing atmosphere using air mixed with the salt-vapor mixture of NaCl–KCl–CaCl₂ at 570°C was investigated. The results revealed that the corrosion performance of the Ni20Cr alloys in the oxidizing chlorine atmosphere was improved by Mo addition of up to 3 wt%. The Mo-free alloy formed a potassium chromate during corrosion as a result of the reaction between the Cr₂O₃ scale and KCl vapor. The chromate formation increased the chlorine potential at the scale surface and induced the breakdown of the protective Cr₂O₃ scale, resulting in internal chromium chloride precipitates and a Cr-depleted zone. In contrast, the presence of Mo resulted in the formation of a NiO scale, which did not react with the salt vapors and, therefore, prevented the formation of chromates. The beneficial effect of Mo on the high-temperature chlorination of Ni–Cr alloys in salt-vapor-containing atmospheres was ascribed to the suppression of chlorine generation due to NiO scale formation.     

汽车同步器齿环用耐高温结构胶膜的性能研究

同步器齿环与碳纤维耐摩擦材料是通过胶粘剂实现粘接,而胶粘剂耐高温性能的优劣则是决定其使用寿命的决定性因素。本文研究了环氧树脂E-51体系、环氧树脂AG80体系以及基材表面处理工艺对于结构胶膜耐高温性能的影响,采用熔融共混法制备了胶粘剂并以玻璃纤维布为背衬制备了耐高温结构胶膜。采用高低温拉力机对不同体系制备的结构胶膜进行了常温、200℃高温的钢材搭接剪切强度的测试。结果表明,对于E-51体系,提高体系交联密度可显著增大常温剪切强度,但高温剪切强度明显下降;对于四官能度的AG80体系,AG80的用量是影响其高温性能的主要因素,同时基材表面喷砂水洗处理后可显著增大结构胶膜与基材粘接有效面积,进而显著改善高温性能。所制备的结构胶膜较常用胶粘剂使用更加便捷,耐高温性能优良,满足同步器齿环使用要求。     

用于低损耗特种玻璃熔炼的高纯致密锆英石的研制

以纯度大于99.9%(质量分数)的高纯ZrO₂和SiO₂为原料,少量TiO₂为添加剂,采用高温固相法合成高纯锆英石(ZrSiO₄)粉料。研究温度和反应时间对高纯锆英石合成效率的影响,发现粒度小于50 μm的原料粉末经1 500 ℃反应48 h后,ZrSiO₄相的含量可以达到95.77%(质量分数)。将合成的高纯锆英石粉料球磨并冷等静压成型后,在1 550 ℃高温烧结成高纯致密锆英石砖。高纯致密锆英石中杂质Fe的含量仅为29 μg/g,Cu的含量小于1 μg/g,是普通商用致密锆英石的1/10;对磷酸盐玻璃静态光吸收损耗的影响仅为普通致密锆英石材料的1/3。将这种高纯致密锆英石材料用于激光玻璃窑炉,有助于降低玻璃对1 053 nm激光的损耗,提升激光玻璃的激光性能。     

Moisture transfer and stress development during high-temperature drying of Chinese fir

Abstract

The knowledge of moisture content (MC) and drying stress are crucial parameters to control the drying process and maintain the quality of dried wood. Herein, we investigated the pattern of moisture transfer and stress development in Chinese fir during the high-temperature drying process. The MC in each layer of lumber was separated into bound water and free water via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the drying and residual stress were measured using prong test method. There was different MC in each layer along the thickness, resulting in an MC gradient that initially increased and then decreased, which is consistent with the trend of drying stress. The T₂₁ peak indicating bound water shifted to the left especially when MC was below the fiber saturation point, signifying that the discharge of moisture became difficult with prolonged drying time. The ratio of bound water to free water was different in each layer, indicating that the moisture transfer was different along the thickness. Furthermore, the residual stress was greater than the corresponding drying stress though the disparity reduced gradually, which suggests that the MC gradient was the largest affecting factor for drying stress at high MC stages but decreased to some extent as the drying process continued.